GDAL

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GDALWarpOperation Class Reference

High level image warping class. More...

`#include "gdalwarper.h"`

## Public Member Functions
CPLErr | Initialize (const GDALWarpOptions *psNewOptions, GDALTransformerFunc pfnTransformer=nullptr, GDALTransformerArgUniquePtr psOwnedTransformerArg=GDALTransformerArgUniquePtr{nullptr})
| This method initializes the GDALWarpOperation's concept of the warp options in effect.
void * | CreateDestinationBuffer (int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pbWasInitialized=nullptr)
| This method creates a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.
CPLErr | InitializeDestinationBuffer (void *pDstBuffer, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pbWasInitialized=nullptr) const
| This method initializes a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.
const GDALWarpOptions * | GetOptions ()
| Return warp options.
CPLErr | ChunkAndWarpImage (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
| This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.
CPLErr | ChunkAndWarpMulti (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
| This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.
CPLErr | WarpRegion (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff=0, int nSrcYOff=0, int nSrcXSize=0, int nSrcYSize=0, double dfProgressBase=0.0, double dfProgressScale=1.0)
| This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.
CPLErr | WarpRegion (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, double dfSrcXExtraSize, double dfSrcYExtraSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
| This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.
CPLErr | WarpRegionToBuffer (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, void *pDataBuf, GDALDataType eBufDataType, int nSrcXOff=0, int nSrcYOff=0, int nSrcXSize=0, int nSrcYSize=0, double dfProgressBase=0.0, double dfProgressScale=1.0)
| This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.
CPLErr | WarpRegionToBuffer (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, void *pDataBuf, GDALDataType eBufDataType, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, double dfSrcXExtraSize, double dfSrcYExtraSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
| This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.

## Static Public Member Functions
static void | DestroyDestinationBuffer (void *pDstBuffer)
| This method destroys a buffer previously retrieved from CreateDestinationBuffer.

## Protected Member Functions
CPLErr | ComputeSourceWindow (int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pnSrcXOff, int *pnSrcYOff, int *pnSrcXSize, int *pnSrcYSize, double *pdfSrcXExtraSize, double *pdfSrcYExtraSize, double *pdfSrcFillRatio)
| Given a target window starting at pixel (nDstOff, nDstYOff) and of dimension (nDstXSize, nDstYSize), compute the corresponding window in the source raster, and return the source position in (*pnSrcXOff, *pnSrcYOff), the source dimension in (*pnSrcXSize, *pnSrcYSize).
double | GetWorkingMemoryForWindow (int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize) const
| Returns the amount of working memory, in bytes, required to process a warped window of source dimensions nSrcXSize x nSrcYSize and target dimensions nDstXSize x nDstYSize.

## Friends
class | VRTWarpedDataset

## Detailed Description

High level image warping class.

## Warper Design

The overall GDAL high performance image warper is split into a few components.

- The transformation between input and output file coordinates is handled via GDALTransformerFunc() implementations such as the one returned by GDALCreateGenImgProjTransformer(). The transformers are ultimately responsible for translating pixel/line locations on the destination image to pixel/line locations on the source image.
- In order to handle images too large to hold in RAM, the warper needs to segment large images. This is the responsibility of the GDALWarpOperation class. The GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage() invokes GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() on chunks of output and input image that are small enough to hold in the amount of memory allowed by the application. This process is described in greater detail in the Image Chunking section.
- The GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() function creates and loads an output image buffer, and then calls WarpRegionToBuffer().
- GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer() is responsible for loading the source imagery corresponding to a particular output region, and generating masks and density masks from the source and destination imagery using the generator functions found in the GDALWarpOptions structure. Binds this all into an instance of GDALWarpKernel on which the GDALWarpKernel::PerformWarp() method is called.
- GDALWarpKernel does the actual image warping, but is given an input image and an output image to operate on. The GDALWarpKernel does no IO, and in fact knows nothing about GDAL. It invokes the transformation function to get sample locations, builds output values based on the resampling algorithm in use. It also takes any validity and density masks into account during this operation.

### Chunk Size Selection

The GDALWarpOptions ChunkAndWarpImage() method is responsible for invoking the WarpRegion() method on appropriate sized output chunks such that the memory required for the output image buffer, input image buffer and any required density and validity buffers is less than or equal to the application defined maximum memory available for use.

It checks the memory required by walking the edges of the output region, transforming the locations back into source pixel/line coordinates and establishing a bounding rectangle of source imagery that would be required for the output area. This is actually accomplished by the private GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow() method.

Then memory requirements are used by totaling the memory required for all output bands, input bands, validity masks and density masks. If this is greater than the GDALWarpOptions::dfWarpMemoryLimit then the destination region is divided in two (splitting the longest dimension), and ChunkAndWarpImage() recursively invoked on each destination subregion.

### Validity and Density Masks Generation

Fill in ways in which the validity and density masks may be generated here. Note that detailed semantics of the masks should be found in GDALWarpKernel.

## Member Function Documentation

## ◆ ChunkAndWarpImage()

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize
| ) |  |

This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.

Progress is reported to the installed progress monitor, if any.

This function will subdivide the region and recursively call itself until the total memory required to process a region chunk will all fit in the memory pool defined by GDALWarpOptions::dfWarpMemoryLimit.

Once an appropriate region is selected GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() is invoked to do the actual work.

Parameters

  nDstXOff | X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstYOff | Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination file to be produced.

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

## ◆ ChunkAndWarpMulti()

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize
| ) |  |

This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.

Progress is reported to the installed progress monitor, if any.

Externally this method operates the same as ChunkAndWarpImage(), but internally this method uses multiple threads to interleave input/output for one region while the processing is being done for another.

Parameters

  nDstXOff | X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstYOff | Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination file to be produced.

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

## ◆ ComputeSourceWindow()

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | int * | pnSrcXOff,
|  | int * | pnSrcYOff,
|  | int * | pnSrcXSize,
|  | int * | pnSrcYSize,
|  | double * | pdfSrcXExtraSize,
|  | double * | pdfSrcYExtraSize,
|  | double * | pdfSrcFillRatio
| ) |  |
| protected

Given a target window starting at pixel (nDstOff, nDstYOff) and of dimension (nDstXSize, nDstYSize), compute the corresponding window in the source raster, and return the source position in (*pnSrcXOff, *pnSrcYOff), the source dimension in (*pnSrcXSize, *pnSrcYSize).

If pdfSrcXExtraSize is not null, its pointed value will be filled with the number of extra source pixels in X dimension to acquire to take into account the size of the resampling kernel. Similarly for pdfSrcYExtraSize for the Y dimension. If pdfSrcFillRatio is not null, its pointed value will be filled with the the ratio of the clamped source raster window size over the unclamped source raster window size. When this ratio is too low, this might be an indication that it might be beneficial to split the target window to avoid requesting too many source pixels.

## ◆ CreateDestinationBuffer()

void * GDALWarpOperation::CreateDestinationBuffer | ( | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | int * | pbInitialized = `nullptr`
| ) |  |

This method creates a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.

The output is initialized based on the INIT_DEST settings.

Parameters

  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
  pbInitialized | Filled with boolean indicating if the buffer was initialized.

Returns
  Buffer capable for use as a warp operation output destination

## ◆ DestroyDestinationBuffer()

void GDALWarpOperation::DestroyDestinationBuffer | ( | void * | pDstBuffer | ) |
| static

This method destroys a buffer previously retrieved from CreateDestinationBuffer.

Parameters

  pDstBuffer | destination buffer to be destroyed

## ◆ Initialize()

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::Initialize | ( | const GDALWarpOptions * | psNewOptions,
|  | GDALTransformerFunc | pfnTransformer = `nullptr`,
|  | GDALTransformerArgUniquePtr | psOwnedTransformerArg = `GDALTransformerArgUniquePtr{nullptr}`
| ) |  |

This method initializes the GDALWarpOperation's concept of the warp options in effect.

It creates an internal copy of the GDALWarpOptions structure and defaults a variety of additional fields in the internal copy if not set in the provided warp options.

Defaulting operations include:

- If the nBandCount is 0, it will be set to the number of bands in the source image (which must match the output image) and the panSrcBands and panDstBands will be populated.

Parameters

  psNewOptions | input set of warp options. These are copied and may be destroyed after this call by the application.
  pfnTransformer | Transformer function that this GDALWarpOperation must use and own, or NULL. When pfnTransformer is not NULL, this implies that psNewOptions->pfnTransformer is NULL
  psOwnedTransformerArg | Transformer argument that this GDALWarpOperation must use, and own, or NULL. When psOwnedTransformerArg is set, this implies that psNewOptions->pTransformerArg is NULL

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

## ◆ InitializeDestinationBuffer()

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::InitializeDestinationBuffer | ( | void * | pDstBuffer,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | int * | pbInitialized = `nullptr`
| ) |  | const

This method initializes a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.

It is initialized based on the INIT_DEST settings.

This method is called by CreateDestinationBuffer(). It is meant at being used by callers that have already allocated the destination buffer without using CreateDestinationBuffer().

Parameters

  pDstBuffer | Buffer of size GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) * nDstXSize * nDstYSize * psOptions->nBandCount bytes.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
  pbInitialized | Filled with boolean indicating if the buffer was initialized.

Since
  3.10

## ◆ WarpRegion() [1/2]

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | int | nSrcXOff,
|  | int | nSrcYOff,
|  | int | nSrcXSize,
|  | int | nSrcYSize,
|  | double | dfSrcXExtraSize,
|  | double | dfSrcYExtraSize,
|  | double | dfProgressBase,
|  | double | dfProgressScale
| ) |  |

This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.

Note that WarpRegion() will produce the requested area in one low level warp operation without verifying that this does not exceed the stated memory limits for the warp operation. Applications should take care not to call WarpRegion() on too large a region! This function is normally called by ChunkAndWarpImage(), the normal entry point for applications. Use it instead if staying within memory constraints is desired.

Progress is reported from dfProgressBase to dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale for the indicated region.

Parameters

  nDstXOff | X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstYOff | Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nSrcXOff | source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYOff | source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcXSize | source window X size (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYSize | source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
  dfSrcXExtraSize | Extra pixels (included in nSrcXSize) reserved for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
  dfSrcYExtraSize | Extra pixels (included in nSrcYSize) reserved for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
  dfProgressBase | minimum progress value reported
  dfProgressScale | value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the maximum progress value reported

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

## ◆ WarpRegion() [2/2]

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | int | nSrcXOff = `0`,
|  | int | nSrcYOff = `0`,
|  | int | nSrcXSize = `0`,
|  | int | nSrcYSize = `0`,
|  | double | dfProgressBase = `0.0`,
|  | double | dfProgressScale = `1.0`
| ) |  |

This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.

Note that WarpRegion() will produce the requested area in one low level warp operation without verifying that this does not exceed the stated memory limits for the warp operation. Applications should take care not to call WarpRegion() on too large a region! This function is normally called by ChunkAndWarpImage(), the normal entry point for applications. Use it instead if staying within memory constraints is desired.

Progress is reported from dfProgressBase to dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale for the indicated region.

Parameters

  nDstXOff | X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstYOff | Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nSrcXOff | source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYOff | source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcXSize | source window X size (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYSize | source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
  dfProgressBase | minimum progress value reported
  dfProgressScale | value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the maximum progress value reported

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

## ◆ WarpRegionToBuffer() [1/2]

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | void * | pDataBuf,
|  | GDALDataType | eBufDataType,
|  | int | nSrcXOff,
|  | int | nSrcYOff,
|  | int | nSrcXSize,
|  | int | nSrcYSize,
|  | double | dfSrcXExtraSize,
|  | double | dfSrcYExtraSize,
|  | double | dfProgressBase,
|  | double | dfProgressScale
| ) |  |

This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.

The output dataset doesn't even really have to exist to use this method as long as the transformation function in the GDALWarpOptions is setup to map to a virtual pixel/line space.

This method will do the whole region in one chunk, so be wary of the amount of memory that might be used.

Parameters

  nDstXOff | X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstYOff | Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
  pDataBuf | the data buffer to place result in, of type eBufDataType.
  eBufDataType | the type of the output data buffer. For now this must match GDALWarpOptions::eWorkingDataType.
  nSrcXOff | source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYOff | source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcXSize | source window X size (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYSize | source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
  dfSrcXExtraSize | Extra pixels (included in nSrcXSize) reserved for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
  dfSrcYExtraSize | Extra pixels (included in nSrcYSize) reserved for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
  dfProgressBase | minimum progress value reported
  dfProgressScale | value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the maximum progress value reported

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

## ◆ WarpRegionToBuffer() [2/2]

CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer | ( | int | nDstXOff,
|  | int | nDstYOff,
|  | int | nDstXSize,
|  | int | nDstYSize,
|  | void * | pDataBuf,
|  | GDALDataType | eBufDataType,
|  | int | nSrcXOff = `0`,
|  | int | nSrcYOff = `0`,
|  | int | nSrcXSize = `0`,
|  | int | nSrcYSize = `0`,
|  | double | dfProgressBase = `0.0`,
|  | double | dfProgressScale = `1.0`
| ) |  |

This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.

The output dataset doesn't even really have to exist to use this method as long as the transformation function in the GDALWarpOptions is setup to map to a virtual pixel/line space.

This method will do the whole region in one chunk, so be wary of the amount of memory that might be used.

Parameters

  nDstXOff | X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstYOff | Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
  nDstXSize | Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
  nDstYSize | Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
  pDataBuf | the data buffer to place result in, of type eBufDataType.
  eBufDataType | the type of the output data buffer. For now this must match GDALWarpOptions::eWorkingDataType.
  nSrcXOff | source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYOff | source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcXSize | source window X size (computed if window all zero)
  nSrcYSize | source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
  dfProgressBase | minimum progress value reported
  dfProgressScale | value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the maximum progress value reported

Returns
  CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

- gdalwarper.h
- gdalwarpoperation.cpp